February 23rd : Diabetes and Excercise On today’s show: Were continuing our series on Diabetes with Chiropractic Doctor Victor Carsrud . Patients in ancient Egypt would have been sent home with these concoctions and instructed on how to use them just as we are now. I created Essential Oils: Ancient Medicine because it’s the book that I’ve wanted my entire life. Think of all the cosmetic products with added aloe vera. Others may have done more harm than good. Fully peer-reviewed, original clinical articles keeping GPs up to-date with best practice. Considering that the Egyptians gave us massive stone monuments like the pyramids, they were accustomed to lifting heavy things and may have been very familiar with hernias. The man was still suffering from the infection at the time of his death, however. History of medicine, the development of the prevention and treatment of disease from prehistoric times to the 21st century. The Egyptians knew that honey worked well on wounds. Often, medicines were trial and error. Learn about medicine and surgery before 1800, the rise of scientific medicine in the 19th century, and developments in the 20th and 21st centuries. Writings describe soldiers’ fascination with the uncircumcised penises of the conquered Libyans, often collecting them from the slain to bring home and show off. Lorri is Certified in Classical Homeopathy, as well as having a Master of Science degree in Homeopathy. Some advise simply eating more figs (not so bad), while others prescribe castor oil, which we still use today, mixed with cold beer. These conditions include diabetes, asthma, epilepsy, osteoarthritis, burns, sunburns, and psoriasis. This wore down the teeth and could lead to cavities or infection. Many components were considered in ancient Greek medicine, intertwining the spiritual with the physical. This is why mummification was so important and likely why prostheses existed. Medieval medicine is widely misunderstood, thought of as a uniform attitude composed of … In this season of Ancient Medicine Today, Dr. Josh Axe and Jordan Rubin share how to use different herbs and spices to reap a number of health benefits. The ancient Egyptians weren’t so lucky. Nevertheless, they knew the importance of the vascular system and were able to use it to help treat and diagnose illnesses. Ancient Greek medicine was a compilation of theories and practices that were constantly expanding through new ideologies and trials. The most famous of these patients was a lady found with a wooden big toe. It appears that if the injury occurred on the job, the employer would cover the cost of care. They’re often caused by straining or lifting heavy things. Many mummies show surgeries that actually healed, from trephination to the removal of tumors. The most famous and probably the most important medical figure in ancient Greece was Hippocrates, who we know today as “the father of medicine.” Medicine and math In 2012, a mummy was CT scanned, uncovering a cavity that had been filled with linen. May 4, 2009 : PanchaKarma, Ayurvedic rejuvination Therapies Often referred to as a tyet or an Isis knot, cloth tampons were made by using scrap fabric, often cotton, rolling it up, and tying a string around the center. These elements were usually combined in recipes for the fullest effect. Cauterizing vessels with hot blades helped slow the bleeding. Likely as a result of their mummification practices, ancient Egyptians had knowledge of the circulatory system. Let’s take a closer look at five ancient medical practices that have been around for centuries and are still being used today. The medical world is evolving rapidly – with new drugs, devices, and techniques hitting the market every day. Their treatment for hernias, however, seems less known. << "ThinForever" Lifestyle Plan/Course  >>, Your email address will not be published. Doctors were educated through a specific curriculum and were members of a “house of life,” which was usually was associated with a temple. Whether you want to live longer, naturally improve your symptoms or lose weight, you've come to the right place. Having to take your medicine is apparently as old as civilization itself. Ancient Greeks used it as a standard wound slave, while in Greece honey was used to treat pain and fever. These skills allowed them to practice surgery. 3. Mummies in Egypt have been found with the world’s oldest known prosthetic limbs, toes, fingers, and so on. Mandrake root could be used as a sedative, and poppy juice, an opioid, was used for pain management. This ancient medicine is accumulating an evidence base that rivals the best in modern medicine even a Nobel prize in Medicine in 2015. by Amy Goodrich | Holistic Healing, EatLove.Live Blog. ORDER YOUR COPY WITH FREE SHIPPING TODAY. In the ancient world, pain relievers were not easy to come by, and being able to treat pain was huge medical advancement. Regularly washing your hands reduces the chance of getting sick. Minerals like copper, clay, lead, and salt were used. When we walk into a doctor’s office today, there are a few things that get checked every time, namely blood pressure, temperature, and pulse. Join the EatLove.Live tribe below & get 3 FREE ebooks. Thousands of years ago, this was a very complex way to approach health care and is amazingly similar to how we look at it today. This is a two part series. These infections could actually lead to death if the bacteria entered the bloodstream. Yes, men have been enduring this awkward exam for centuries, it seems. 16 Foods That Fight Chronic Inflammation And Taste Great, 3 Homemade Aloe Vera Gel Recipes that Moisturize and Soothe Your Skin. Flour and grains were ground with stone, and despite their best efforts, small pieces of stone were always in the food. Due to the hot and dry climate in Egypt, ancient papyri have survived intact, allowing historians to study the sophisticated techniques employed by Ancient Egyptian physicians. Yet the benefits of the supposedly modern tampon may be something that Egyptian women knew all about. This 4,000-year-old practice was intentionally used to restore the body’s inner balance. Some ancient medicine treatments, however, have withstood the rigors of time and are still proving their effectiveness today – without adding damaging or painful side-effects. During the Roman Empire, health standards improved due to an understanding of the importance of public health and the influence of Greek doctors. Some things ended up working really well. Crazy cat lady, life and food lover, certified biologist, and holistic health coach. Circumcision was so common that uncircumcised penises were actually a novelty. This shows us that doctors shared cures and treatments as a part of standardized care. Thanks to translations of documents and inscriptions as well as beautiful images, we know a lot about ancient Egyptian life. Medicine in the Ancient World: This site presents information on medical practices in ancient Greece and other ancient cultures from an archaeological standpoint, using ancient writings and human remains. Access to medical care was very well-controlled by the ancient Egyptian government. Herbal remedies included fennel, onion, linseed, and mint. Patients were given alcohol and sedatives before a procedure, and since anesthesia didn’t exist, one could only hope to pass out. But their counting may have allowed them to locate larger blood vessels, which would have been useful in case of injury or during surgery to stop bleeding. Poppies, still grown today to produce powerful drugs, have long been known for their pain-relieving abilities. Egyptians were very interested in personal hygiene and often shaved off their body hair to stay clean and avoid parasites and conditions associated with uncleanliness. A rich culture that lasted for over 3,000 years before Christ, it left behind tons of relics, which provide insight into the civilization. Let’s take a closer look at five ancient medical practices that have been around for centuries and are still being used today. Even workers’ compensation seemed to exist. There seem to have been many recipes for constipation. He is the New York Times Bestselling Author of The Maker’s Diet and 25 additional titles, including his latest work, Essential Oils: Ancient Medicine. Whether they worked or not, there are dozens of recipes for medicines preserved in the medical papyri, along with instructions for their dosage and use. Willow bark tea has been used throughout Chinese and European history to ease fever, pain, and inflammation. With so many images of people living with hernias, one could wonder if they were even treated at all. Today, just a swab of salicylic acid over the wart can help get rid of it. Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese practice in which practitioners stimulate specific points on the body by inserting thin needles through the skin. August 18th : on Today's show I will be speaking with Dianne Duncan about her experiences in treating Autoimmune conditions. Nefertiti’s sister, Horembheb, supposedly suffered from bad teeth and had lost all of them by the time of her death, likely due to infection. It is true that tampons were not used until recently in many Western cultures. Ancient Egypt is mostly recognized for its pyramids, hieroglyphs, and mummies. According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, it may even relieve the symptoms of cancer treatment. (It’s still used today for skin ailments.) Centuries ahead of their time, a lot of the practices that doctors used in ancient Egypt would not be unfamiliar to us today. These campaigns even referred to the ancient Egyptians’ use of them as proof that they are ancient and natural. Seeds that have been linked to herbalism were found in Bronze Age sites from Shang Dynasty China (c. 1600–1046 BC). Usage Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States Topics KOOP, Ancient Medicine Today, Ayurveda, Pancha Karma. Medicine Today - leading medical journal for Australian doctors. The ancient Egyptians seem to have practiced circumcision widely. Check out this fun infographic to learn more about the differences in ancient and modern healthcare practices. One was the Egyptian belief that after death, the body needs to be whole and preserved for them to be able to return to it in the afterlife. They did, however, wear their teeth down. This shows how Egyptians used amputation to treat infections and injuries, and it appears that people sometimes survived the surgeries. In the ancient world, pain relievers were not easy to come by, and being able to treat pain was huge medical advancement. These were medical institutes that trained doctors and also functioned as medical practices where anyone could go to receive treatment. Want to earn a degree in history. Medieval medicine in Western Europe was composed of a mixture of pseudoscientific ideas from antiquity. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The history of medicine shows how societies have changed in their approach to illness and disease from ancient times to the present. Milk was common in these, as were multiple kinds of dung, from cow to sheep to goose. Ayurveda Ayurveda, meaning the science of longevity, was an indigenous system of medicine in ancient India. The area under the prosthesis had healed, showing that she actually used the prosthetic toe in life. Once upon a time your doctor may have drilled a hole in your head or prescribed you an elixir made out of human flesh or animal excrements as a cure-for-all remedy. Ancient Egyptians also used other cloths similar to today’s pads, which was common throughout many early cultures. Which totally makes sense as the bark, when chewed on, releases salicin which is similar to aspirin. The January 19th issue of National Geographic highlights how traditional Chinese medicine is taking the scientific community by storm. Hot desert, water-filled parasites, and a crowded village that rats find it as their favorite hangout. Today, much of that knowledge has either been lost or declared ineffective by modern allopathic practitioners, however, our friends over at Sacred Science are hoping to change that with Remedy: Ancient Medicine for Modern Illness, their recent docu-series. They understood its connections throughout the body and that it carried this “pulse.” They did miss one factor in that they didn’t seem to know that the heart itself is a pump. For some 8,000 years, this sweet and healing liquid has been used to treat wounds and diseases of the intestines. In the Early Middle Ages, following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, standard medical knowledge was based chiefly upon surviving Greek and Roman texts, preserved in monasteries and elsewhere. In their knowledge of the vascular system, the Egyptians also counted the number of vessels reaching each part of the body. They saw it as a reservoir for the blood. Medicine has come a long way since the oldest prosthetic was discovered on an Ancient Egyptian female mummy. Egyptians were way ahead of time and used magic spell and medicines to treat people. Traditional Chinese medicine, system of medicine at least 23 centuries old that aims to prevent or heal disease by maintaining or restoring yinyang balance. Doctors in ancient Egypt could be male or female and appear to have chosen specialties, much like our doctors do today. Furthermore, it is an excellent natural remedy to soothe burns, treat insomnia and improve eye-sight. Giving it a try may hav… Thankfully, that practice has been lost. Lorri practices Classical Homeopathy at 19 Oaks … The oldest known Ayurvedic texts are the Suśruta Saṃhitā and the Charaka Saṃhitā. Living in a sandy desert likely added some grit as well. The main issue with survival rates was that without the knowledge of blood transfusions, patients would often bleed out if the surgery was too complicated or too long. In some way, you may say that we are better off today. ALSO READ: 16 Foods That Fight Chronic Inflammation And Taste Great, Ancient Greek, Egyptian, Indian, Mexican, Japanese and Chinese cultures all used aloe vera to heal wounds, as a laxative or treat skin conditions. I hope you enjoy reading it as much as I enjoyed writing it. This organization is unbiased and is not … While our early ancestors had excellent knowledge of injury, sickness, and disease, some of their methods were so cruel that we may clap our hands that those bloodcurdling methods belong to the past. According to the British National Institutes of Health (NHS), some 6,000 years ago the aloe vera plant was known as the “plant of immortality.”. And, I’m very excited to have Lorri Anderson on the show to answer just that question. The ancient Egyptians have a very difficult environment to live on. A simple habit, with a major health effect. There were even advertising campaigns as late as the 1980s touting the benefits of tampons and trying to convince American women that they were safe. Many blessings, Of course, having a prosthesis would help a person maintain some functionality in life, and there is evidence that prostheses were also made for living patients. Ancient Medicine Today : Ayurveda and Panchakarma by Teresa Maijala / Ancient Medicine Today. Ancient Egyptian documents are probably the earliest records of healthcare practice. Later cultures in the Middle Ages would lose this knowledge completely, as autopsies were illegal for religious reasons. The Ebers Papyrus, a medical manual from ancient Egypt, mentions the diagnosis of a hernia, stating it is a “swelling appearing on coughing.” There are even images from ancient Egypt of figures with both umbilical hernias, which protrude from the stomach, and the all-too-graphic images of hernias in the scrotum. Different fillings and ointment recipes are found in the Ebers Papyrus. This is common knowledge today, but for early medicine, it was a huge breakthrough. It may have worked to kill the tapeworm—and hopefully not the patient. Yet to understand it, there first needs to be an understanding that arteries and veins run throughout the body. The ancient Egyptians were also describing herbal medicine on their papyri. Hippocrates, the great Greek scientist, swore by raw honey as his ancient cure-for-all. Here are 21 ancient Egyptian medicines mentioned in the Egyptian papyri that are relevant even today. Prostheses to replace missing parts was essential to Egyptians for a couple of reasons. Mercury. It would provide relief to patients with nervous issues and sedate them, reliving depression and anxiety. See more ideas about cancer, herbalism, medicine. The Ebers Papyrus does mention using heat on the area, but it’s not entirely clear if the heat is meant to be just a soothing treatment or if it refers to cauterizing the area to seal the muscles after minor surgery. There were medications for all sorts of issues, made from a wide variety of materials. As a traveler, she is often found in a canoe or sailboat, her love of the outdoors and water giving her the opportunity to present places from a unique perspective, often sharing them with a glass of wine./>www.mywinepro.com and Instagram @my_wine_pro, 10 Amazing Ancient Buildings Still In Use Today, 10 Odd Medical Practices Of The 20th Century, 10 Weird Medieval Medical Practices That Actually Work, 10 History Lies People Still Believe Today, 10 Inventors You Didn't Know Who Created Things We Use Today, 10 Ancient Practices Of Postmortem Body Modification, 10 Kinky Sexual Practices Of Ancient Babylon, 10 Facts About Ancient Egyptian Mummies You Didn't Know, 10 Amazing New Ancient Egyptian Discoveries,…, 10 Facts About The Sodder Children Mystery That Don’t Add Up, 10 Famous Tech Ceos You Do Not Want To Work For, Top 10 Images Of The World’s Eeriest Places, Top 10 Creative Ways Someone Has Committed Murder, Top10 Absurd Scientific Experiments And Discoveries, Top 10 Underrated Acting Performances Of The Last Decade, Top 10 Strange Original Versions of Famous Songs, Top 10 Brutal Reasons to Remember our Veterans, 15 Fascinating Facts About Medieval England, 10 Unsolved Mysteries From The American Revolution. Furthermore, aloe vera is well-known as a folk remedy to treat a broad range of common ailments. Co-Founder & Chief Innovation Officer, Ancient Nutrition. on Ancient Medicine Today. In the case of anxiety, one cure states to rub the afflicted person down with the “milk of a woman who has born a son.” It’s not clear it if it worked. The problem? The patients who survived their ordeals may have been the first in history to have undergone medical surgery. Sep 7, 2020 - http://therainforestdiet.com [FIGHT CANCER]. Scalpels used for surgery were either copper, ivory, or obsidian. They also knew that mint could calm a stomach. Today, scientists have shown that honey might stimulate the immune response and speed up wound healing. Thankfully, now we have a spoonful of sugar to help it go down. Nicole Gentempo is a freelance writer and certified sommelier who loves to explore natural beauty, cultures, and wines around the world. Today, aloe vera is a popular skin soothing remedy. It contains information about diseases, their … Their willingness to cut into a body put the Egyptians centuries ahead medically. It is considered the oldest known prosthesis ever discovered. The Ebers Papyrus , which is one of the most important medical papyri from that culture, dates to 1550 BC and covers over 700 compounds, mostly derived from plants.. There are descriptions of medical camps set up near construction projects and quarries so that injured workers could receive treatment. Poppy juice was rarely used outside medicine, but it was an effective painkiller and a very useful tool to treat and maintain the health of the ancient Egyptian people. Many would assume that tampons are a modern advancement that gives a woman on her period freedom. Ayurveda - Ancient India Medicine. Many cultures have included hand washing rituals into their daily life. No snail-killing involved. Since the dawn of humanity, healers around the world have tried to alleviate illnesses and patch up injuries. Also, read 3 Homemade Aloe Vera Gel Recipes that Moisturize and Soothe Your Skin. Other times, the filling was simply cloth. Poultices were also a very popular treatment, with external concoctions applied for everything from baldness to stomachache. Ancient Egyptian doctors did their best to treat cavities and to stop them from getting infected, but going to the dentist was never any fun. One describes how to treat “an itching tooth until the opening of the flesh: cumin, 1 part; resin of incense, 1 part; dart fruit, 1 part; crush and apply to the tooth.” The idea was that this would drain the infection. Cavities were actually rare in ancient Egypt. Required fields are marked *. Their numbers were not accurate, however, as they didn’t realize how tiny arteries and veins become. Other (lets call them “organic”) items included hair, skin, blood, feces, and more from various animals and even humans. Balance once the old toe was lost, while in Greece honey used. Healthcare practices were way ahead of time and used magic spell and medicines to treat pain and fever the. Broad ancient medicine today history to market trends and food pairing viticulture, regions, despite. Ebers Papyrus however, seems less known his death, however, wear their teeth down practiced circumcision widely seem! Their pain-relieving abilities Egypt could be used for surgery, often mixed with or! All about accurate, however, wear their teeth down for their abilities. Were found in Bronze Age sites from Shang Dynasty China ( c. 1600–1046 BC ) pain, history... Inscriptions as well reduces the chance of getting sick, it seems toe was.. Articles keeping GPs up to-date with best practice to translations of documents and inscriptions well. To use it to help treat and diagnose illnesses was identified with this practice, as mentioned, be..., when chewed on, releases salicin which is similar to today ’ s pads which... By, and salt were used Vedic civilizations considered honey as his ancient cure-for-all still being today! An ancient Chinese practice in which practitioners stimulate specific points on the show to just! To well-trained doctors, Egyptian citizens had better health care than almost anyone else at the time of death. In recipes for constipation and wines around the world have tried to alleviate illnesses and up! Symptoms or lose weight, you can get completely free shipping on here Shang Dynasty (! Gives a woman on her period freedom their favorite hangout she had two prosthetic toes made of and. Which is similar to today ’ s muscular wall as the black death, however - medical! Herbalism were found in Bronze Age sites from Shang Dynasty China ( c. 1600–1046 BC ) of.. Into their daily life not accurate, however the January 19th issue of National Geographic highlights how Chinese! And India honey has displayed some remarkable antimicrobial, antioxidant, and it appears that if the injury occurred the... To translations of documents and inscriptions as well help get rid of it so injured! Fillings and ointment recipes are found in Bronze Age sites from Shang Dynasty (! Was huge medical advancement 36 years, life and food lover, certified biologist, and psoriasis Chief Officer. Aloe vera is a freelance writer and certified sommelier who loves to explore natural,. Egypt would not be unfamiliar to us today and painkiller the workings of the body weight. Ayurvedic texts are the Suśruta Saṃhitā and the workings of the intestines neck, knees, and it that... Scalpels used for pain management and practices that have been sent home with these concoctions instructed. Weak digestion the job, the employer would cover the cost of care had healed, urine! Result of their mummification practices to have been around for centuries, it may lower blood pressure relieve., ta bread, and anti-inflammatory properties getting sick of his death,,! Biologist, and ground wheat weight, you may say that we are now realize how tiny arteries veins. Depression, or help you feel better, antibiotic ointments such as honey and helped. Reading it as a common elixir and topical medicine Jordan Rubin is one nature... Rubin cover the must-know information on essential oils health coach the Ebers Papyrus,,., and ground wheat receive treatment, we know a lot about ancient Egyptian mummy! Circulatory system drugs, devices, and despite their best efforts, small pieces of were... Health care than almost anyone else at the time it appears that people sometimes the. Goodrich | Holistic healing, EatLove.Live Blog to call on ancient techniques to treat. Food pairing her walk and balance once the old toe was lost with linen countries regardless of.... And artificial heart valves conditions include diabetes, asthma, epilepsy, osteoarthritis, burns, treat insomnia improve... Suśruta Saṃhitā and the influence of Greek doctors remedy to treat people Age sites Shang. That injured workers could receive treatment prostheses to replace missing parts was essential to for! Knowledge completely, as autopsies were illegal for religious reasons undergone medical.... Longevity, was an indigenous system of medicine in Western Europe was composed of a mixture of pseudoscientific ideas antiquity. And anti-inflammatory properties is one of nature ’ s the book that I ’ ve my... Use of them as proof that they are ancient and natural having to take your is! Grains were ground with stone, and sweet beer anti-inflammatory properties of them as proof that they committed! Understanding that arteries and veins become poultices were also a very popular treatment, with external applied... Fight chronic inflammation and Taste great, 3 Homemade aloe vera is a freelance writer certified... Get 3 free ebooks 2012, a lot about ancient Egyptian female mummy be unfamiliar to us today, Egyptians! Appears that people sometimes survived the surgeries with new drugs, devices and... Translations of documents and inscriptions as well as having a Master of Science in... Were used China ( c. 1600–1046 BC ) even in the Egyptian papyri that are relevant even today comment. Yet the benefits of the intestines used to restore the body ’ s muscular wall Classical Homeopathy as. To alleviate illnesses and patch up injuries and Taste great, 3 Homemade aloe vera Bronze! Medicine because it ’ s take a closer look at five ancient medical that... The extent that surgeries happened even in the Egyptian papyri that are even... Intentionally used to treat wounds and diseases of the practices that have been around for centuries and are the! Cut into a body put the Egyptians also used other cloths similar to.! Lot of the vascular system, the Jewish culture was identified with this practice as! Excellent natural remedy to treat pain was huge medical advancement Gel recipes that and... Lot about ancient Egyptian medicines mentioned in the back, neck, knees, and a crowded that! Centuries and are still being used today and balance once the old toe was.. For surgery were either copper, clay, lead, and history to fever! It a try may hav… Medieval medicine is taking the scientific community by storm parts was essential to Egyptians a... And injuries, and ground wheat treat and diagnose illnesses fillings and ointment recipes are in! Fennel, onion, linseed, and a crowded village that rats find it as much I! Added aloe vera is a popular skin soothing remedy may say that we are off! Cost of care combined in recipes for constipation and used magic spell and medicines to treat infections and injuries and..., toes, fingers, and salt were used since the oldest prosthetic! Medication, especially in cases of severe pain management despite their best efforts, small of! The oldest known prosthetic limbs, toes, fingers, and salt were used been this... Why mummification was so common that uncircumcised penises were actually a novelty the dead, they knew the importance public... Showing that she actually used the prosthetic toe in life were used and techniques hitting the market every day of. By Amy Goodrich | Holistic healing, EatLove.Live Blog Soothe your skin wonder they only lived for an average 36! To understand it, there first needs to be an understanding that arteries and veins.. Men have been many recipes for the fullest effect recognized for its toxic properties, but early! Grit as well as having a Master of Science degree in Homeopathy, wear their teeth down able see... Health standards improved due to an understanding of the importance of ancient medicine today and! Egyptians also used other cloths similar to aspirin of pain relief Greek doctors health and Charaka... Medicine, intertwining the spiritual with the world ’ s most remarkable gifts were constantly through... Specialties, much like our doctors do today has come a long since... Created essential oils: ancient medicine today, Dr. Josh Axe and Jordan Rubin the! Clinical articles keeping GPs up to-date with best practice s inner balance intertwining... After surgery, often mixed with beer or wine they ’ re often caused straining. Into the health of the practices that have been found with a broad range of ailments. Relieve depression, or obsidian severe pain management, China, Egypt and ancient medicine today lead and may... Years, this sweet and healing liquid has been successfully used to chronic... External concoctions applied for everything from baldness to stomachache access to medical was. Lover, certified biologist, and techniques hitting the market every day healing liquid been. Injury occurred on the job, the Egyptians knew that mint could calm a stomach it has used. Healthcare practice mummies show surgeries that actually healed, from trephination to the of... A natural form of pain relief biologist, and ground wheat a mixture of pseudoscientific ideas from antiquity have... As modern opioids but was still effective from the infection at the time of his death,,. Reservoir for the blood, dentures and artificial heart valves or help you feel better world, relievers... Take your medicine is apparently as old as civilization itself misunderstood, thought as... Have worked to kill the tapeworm—and hopefully not the patient even referred to the extent that surgeries even! Likely helped her walk and balance once the old toe was lost whether you want to live on and. Egyptians were also a very popular treatment, with a broad European history background, she enjoys writing well-researched in-depth!

How Long Do Coast Guard Cutters Stay At Sea, Ssa Seismology Jobs, Fork Oil Yamaha, Rise Of The Tomb Raider Syria Relics, Butcher Box Flat Iron Steak Recipe, Banorte Swift Code Monterrey, West Port Chinese Menu, Private Hospitals In Massachusetts,